Force
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
For other uses, see Force (disambiguation) and Forcing (disambiguation).
| Force | |
|---|---|
| Common symbols | F, F |
| SI unit | newton |
| In SI base units | 1 kg·m/s2 |
| Derivations from other quantities | F = m a |
In physics, a force is any interaction which tends to change the motion of an object.[1] In other words, a force can cause an object with mass to change itsvelocity (which includes to begin moving from a state of rest), i.e., to accelerate. Force can also be described by intuitive concepts such as a push or a pull. A force has both magnitude and direction, making it a vector quantity. It is measured in the SI unit of newtons and represented by the symbol F.
The original form of Newton's second law states that the net force acting upon an object is equal to the rate at which its momentum changes with time. If the mass of the object is constant, this law implies that the acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the net force acting on the object, is in the direction of the net force, and is inversely proportional to the mass of the object. As a formula, this is expressed as:
where the arrows imply a vector quantity possessing both magnitude and direction.
Related concepts to force include: thrust, which increases the velocity of an object; drag, which decreases the velocity of an object; and torque which produces changes in rotational speed of an object. In an extended body, each part usually applies forces on the adjacent parts; the distribution of such forces through the body is the so-called mechanical stress. Pressure is a simple type of stress. Stress usually causes deformation of solid materials, or flow in fluids.
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